Occupational Health Hazards among Informal Sector Workers in Assam: A Gendered Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2026/v45/i1/173376Keywords:
informal workers, occupational health hazards, health risks, gender disparities, AssamAbstract
The informal sector constitutes a major source of employment worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as India, where it contributes to nearly one-third of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs around 90 per cent of the workforce. Despite its economic significance, informal workers are often exposed to unsafe working environments, inadequate social protection, and limited access to occupational healthcare. This study examines occupational health hazards among informal workers in Assam, with particular emphasis on gender disparities. Primary data were collected from 600 informal workers across rural and urban areas of Assam using a structured interview schedule. A multidimensional Occupational Health Hazards Index (OHHI) was constructed to assess workers’ health risks, and Beta Regression was employed to identify the socio-economic and occupational determinants of occupational health hazards. The findings reveal a high prevalence of workplace injuries, chronic health problems, and adverse working conditions among informal workers. Female workers consistently exhibit higher occupational health hazards than their male counterparts. The regression results further indicate that gender, age, educational attainment, daily wages, sector of employment, working hours, work experience, and commuting distance significantly influence occupational health hazards. The study highlights the need for gender-responsive occupational safety measures, improved workplace conditions, strengthened social security, and targeted health interventions to enhance the well-being of informal workers in Assam.
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